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- ENVIRONMENT, Page 56Can They Go Home Again?
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- By James Willwerth. With reporting by Andrea Dorfman/New York
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- Its majestic wings once cast large shadows all over North
- America. The bird was a survivor. When saber-toothed cats and
- other big animals died off about 10,000 years ago, the
- California condor retreated to the carrion-rich Pacific coast
- and survived. A Spanish priest recorded seeing one in 1602;
- Lewis and Clark spotted another in 1805.
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- But a 20th century plague of hunting and lead poisoning
- brought Gymnogyps californianus to near extinction. Biologists
- trapped the last wild California condor in 1987, and 27 birds
- remained as genetic "founders" for a breeding program that has
- produced 25 additional birds, including the two freed last week.
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- Since a condor's wings are too large for much flapping, it
- soars skyward by jumping from its mountaintop nest into an
- updraft. On the ground, the birds need a spiraling thermal air
- current to take off. Says the Los Angeles Zoo's Michael Wallace:
- "I've seen Andean condors walk half a mile for a launch point."
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- Condors find food in open flatlands where shrubbery will
- not hamper takeoffs. They used to live on cliff tops around
- California's Central Valley and fly to lowlands where hunters
- shot deer and left "gut piles" full of bullet fragments of toxic
- lead.
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- Chicks raised in captivity have prospered at the San Diego
- and Los Angeles zoos, but returning to the wild is another
- matter. At least 30 of the 49 black-footed ferrets released in
- a Wyoming wilderness last fall have died. In Texas, reintroduced
- northern aplomado falcons were killed off by great horned owls
- that had moved into the falcons' old territory.
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- Captive breeding may destroy behaviors needed for
- survival. Zoo-bred golden lion tamarins dropped out of trees and
- ignored natural food after going back to the Brazilian jungle.
- The first red wolves reintroduced to a North Carolina refuge
- wandered out into residential neighborhoods.
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- In California the lives of the freed condors will be
- "managed." Stillborn calves left on mountains might keep the
- birds from flying to flatland sources of toxic food, and moving
- the carrion around will force natural foraging behavior.
- Biologists assume that intensive care is temporary. "Right now,
- we are this species' surrogate parents," says Robert Measta,
- head of U.S. Fish and Wildlife condor operations. "In the old
- days, adult condors did this job." With luck, someday they will
- again.
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